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It's failing because passwd manipulates a temporary file, and then attempts to rename it to /etc/shadow. This fails because /etc/shadow is a mountpoint -- which cannot be replaced -- which results in this error (captured using strace) rename("/etc/nshadow", "/etc/shadow") = -1 EBUSY (Device or resource busy) You can reproduce this trivially from the command line: # cd /etc # touch foo # mv foo shadow mv: cannot move 'foo' to 'shadow': Device or resource busy You could work around this by mounting a directory containing my_shadow and my_passwd somewhere else, and then symlinking /etc/passwd and /etc/shadow in the container appropriately: $ docker run -it --rm -v $PWD/my_etc:/my_etc centos [root@kutayzorlu.com /]# ln -sf /my_etc/my_passwd /etc/passwd [root@kutayzorlu.com /]# ln -sf /my_etc/my_shadow /etc/shadow [root@kutayzorlu.com /]# ls -l /etc/{shadow,passwd} lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 17 Oct 8 17:48 /etc/passwd -> /my_etc/my_passwd lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 17 Oct 8 17:48 /etc/shadow -> /my_etc/my_shadow [root@kutayzorlu.com /]# passwd root Changing password for user root. New password: Retype new password: passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully. [root@kutayzorlu.com /]# |